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Mitochondria-Targeted Cardiolipin-Binding Tetrapeptide
SS-31
10MG per vial
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide, D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, whose alternating aromatic/basic motif incorporates the non-proteinogenic residue 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine. Cell entry has been characterised as energy-independent and non-saturable rather than transporter-mediated, and the peptide concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of that membrane, through combined electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction. The mechanistic model that has emerged from the membrane biophysics literature places the site of action at the lipid bilayer and the surface electrostatics of the cardiolipin headgroup region, rather than at the direct radical scavenging originally attributed to the dimethyltyrosine residue.
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Research use only. Supplied for in vitro laboratory research. Not a drug, supplement, cosmetic or medical device, not approved by the TGA, and not for administration to humans or animals. See our research use conditions.
Compound signature
From confirmed structure
639.8g/mol
Molar mass
46atoms
Heavy atoms
Atomic composition
C32H49N9O5
- C32
- H49
- N9
- O5
Characterised targets
- Cardiolipin
Sequence
D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine)
Research applications
In vitro work has characterised binding to cardiolipin-containing model membranes and the resulting changes in membrane surface charge and curvature. Chemical cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry in isolated mitochondria has mapped the interaction partners of SS-31, which are all known cardiolipin binders and fall into two groups: oxidative phosphorylation components, including ATP synthase subunits and the adenine nucleotide translocase, and enzymes of 2-oxoglutarate metabolism. Studies in isolated mitochondria and in rodent models of ischaemia, ageing and mitochondrial myopathy have examined cristae ultrastructure, respiratory supercomplex organisation, oxygen consumption and the cardiolipin-driven conversion of cytochrome c to a peroxidase.
Formulation and handling
A strongly basic, highly water-soluble tetrapeptide; the lyophilisate dissolves readily in water or aqueous buffer without organic co-solvent. At roughly 640 g/mol it is a very small peptide, so a given mass yields a far higher molar concentration than the multi-kilodalton peptides more commonly handled — recalculate rather than transferring a molarity from another protocol. Lyophilised peptide salts of this type are hygroscopic, so allow vials to equilibrate to room temperature before opening, and check the certificate of analysis for salt form and net peptide content.
Intended use
SS-31 is supplied exclusively for in vitro and non-clinical scientific research. It is not approved for human or animal therapeutic, diagnostic or medicinal use. All handling and experimentation must be carried out by trained personnel in an appropriately controlled laboratory.
Specification
- Presentation
- Vial
- Labelled strength
- 10MG
- Molecular formula
- C32H49N9O5
- Molar mass
- 639.8 g/mol
- CAS number
- 736992-21-5
- Molecular targets
- Cardiolipin
- Appearance
- Lyophilised powder
- Storage
- 2–8 °C sealed, −20 °C long term
Values describe the compound as supplied. Analytical figures for the material in your vial are on that lot’s certificate, not here.
Certificates of analysis
None published yetEvery lot is tested by an independent laboratory and carries its own certificate. Match the lot number printed on your vial to the certificate — a certificate for a different lot tells you nothing about yours.
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